//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd Heighpubs开放获金博宝app体育取期刊上 en - us 07/27/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1055.php & lt; p>单层颈椎前路减压和融合(ACDF)最初执行使用髂骨植骨(ICBG) [1]。; / p> 07/15/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1054.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p> Huntington&,年代病(HD)是一种无法治愈的神经退行性疾病,导致无意识的动作,情绪不稳,和认知功能障碍。高清症状通常开发30至50岁之间,但可以出现早在2或直到80年。目前没有神经保护和neurorestorative干预措施是可用的。早期的多通道干涉高清只可能在基因诊断是由早期。早期干预在高清只能如果基因诊断在疾病发作或轻微的症状表现。越来越多的证据和理解高清pathomechanism导致研究者对新的治疗靶点。这里,在本文中,我们将讨论多模式治疗策略和最新进展在这个领域,可以用于目标HD发病最近端水平。你们;/ p> 07/15/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1053.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Objectives: To describe a patient with facial-onset sensory-motor neuronopathy (FOSMN) that later developed Huntington&rsquo;s disease (HD).</p> <p>Case report: A 62-year-old woman complained of progressive dysphagia 8 years before referral. At initial evaluation, there was excessive salivation, dysphagia, and sensory-motor trigeminal impairment. Denervation was noted on the upper limbs and the tongue. Blink reflexes were abolished. Genetic study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-related genes was normal. She was diagnosed with FOSMN syndrome. Her clinical state progressively worsened with corneal anesthesia, severe denutrition, right arm and axial weakness. Seven years after referral, she was unable walk and developed generalized chorea. Abnormal huntingtin gene repeat expansion confirmed the diagnosis of HD. She died 16 years after onset of dysphagia.</p> <p>Conclusion: Cases with both HD and ALS have already been reported but not FOSMN and HD, to our knowledge. Some FOSMN cases have been linked to ALS-related gene mutations and HD phenocopies have been associated with C9ORF72 repeat expansions. Recently, huntingtin repeat expansions were described in the ALS population. Although a chance association cannot be excluded, data from the literature are in favor of a pathogenic relationship between FOSMN and HD in this particular case. We suggest that huntingtin gene be more systematically studied in patients with FOSMN.</p> 07/06/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1052.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p> Parkinson&,年代疾病(PD)被认为是最常见的神经退行性疾病和运动障碍。关键运动症状是刚性,震颤、失动症/运动功能减退/动作迟缓,和姿势不稳定。然而,在我们的日常临床实践中我们往往看到几个其他症状可能是电机、非。非症状(NMS)是很常见的,衰弱。帕金森病的病理特征是黑质致密部多巴胺能神经元的损失(SNPc)和积累的或错误折叠α-突触核蛋白。在pre-motor PD的诊断是很困难的阶段。后期诊断呈现大量多巴胺能神经元变性失去SNPc和疾病传播在大脑的其他部分。这可能表现为全面的症状需要多种药物或甚至可能导致威胁生命的条件由于缺乏早期诊断工具和技术。需要生物标志物来诊断PD非常早期的阶段,预防是可能的。 Hence, we see a lot of interest among researchers involved in finding a biomarker specific to the disease. Biomarkers may be clinical, image based, genetic, and biochemical. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum markers which may correlate with disease pathophysiology are of great significance. One such molecule which recently gained a lot of attention is neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The main aim of this paper is to highlight the role of NSE in predicting neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation ultimately reflecting damage of brain cells in PD.</p> 06/29/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1051.php <p>The association between intracranial large vessel occlusion (LVO) and concurrent steno-occlusive lesion of an ipsilateral extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) is considered a tandem occlusion (TO) [1].</p> 06/09/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1050.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p>线粒体和溶酶体功能障碍占遗传代谢疾病的一大群大部分是由于不正常的线粒体呼吸链(MRC)导致能源生产不足和缺陷分别在endosomal-lysosomal吞噬作用途径。MRC功能取决于协调表达的核(nDNA)和线粒体基因组(mtDNA)。因此,线粒体疾病可以由遗传缺陷引起的线粒体和核基因组,或在两者之间的相声。线粒体DNA消耗综合征(mds)是一种临床异质群体的障碍常染色体隐性遗传的模式在幼年和童年早期发病的特点是减少数量的副本mtDNA在受影响的组织和器官。在本综述中,我们总结的光谱mtDNA损耗疾病随着小溶酶体储存疾病的学习。当前的这篇文章提供了一个视角基因的作用在医学实践和这个角色可能会如何演变,未来几年。;/ p> 06/03/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1049.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p>医疗大麻的好处和相关的化合物是众所周知的。发现精神植物大麻素和三角洲;9-tetrahydrocannabinol敦促科学家研究更多关于大麻素系统和相关治疗领域的神经学和医学。激活的大麻素受体1型(CB1R)产生了不必要的和严重的副作用,发现大麻素受体2型(CB2R)及其配体做了一个新的希望。直到现在有限的成功在这个领域,因为复杂的扩展神经系统组成的受体,配体和酶。在本文我们将更新的角色endocannabinoidome相关神经障碍。你们;/ p> 05/11/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1048.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p>目的:评估的有效性得到颅骨切除术患者大基底神经节(BG)出血。建立患者术后死亡率的预测标准BG流血。你们;/ p>& lt; p>材料:这一前瞻性研究包括所有病人大量自发BG流血由得到颅骨切除术没有血肿从2012年10月到2015年9月。数据收集病人的年龄、性别分布的流血,半球支配的影响,现有的医疗条件,承认格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、CT或MRI大脑中线移位,血肿体积和瞳孔大小不等,持续时间(小时)中风的发病与操作,术后并发症和住院的时间。这个数据是与病人。你们一个月死亡率;/ p>& lt; p>结果:患者总数27。平均年龄是51年,意思是GCS 7.55第5 - 11(范围)。流血的平均体积为68.51毫升。死亡率在17的27个患者(63%)在30天内。十三16的脑室扩大BG出血患者死亡率。 The factors that showed statistically significant correlation with one month mortality were age, GCS at admission, volume of the bleed and the intraventricular extension.</p> <p>Conclusion: Large BG bleed was associated with high mortality and morbidity. Age of 50 years or more and GCS &le; 8 at presentation were poor prognostic factors for decompressive craniectomy in patients with BG bleed. Patients with large BG bleed of volume &gt; 60 ml and intraventricular extension had poor prognosis.</p> 04/26/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1047.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Background and Objective: Thrombolytic and mechanical thrombectomy therapies are proven treatment methods in patients with acute stroke. Aim is to share our experience in acute stroke therapy with colleagues.</p> <p>Material and methods: In this study we evaluated the patients who underwent MT or MT + IV-tPA between 2018-2019 retrospectively. Demographic features, comorbid diseases of patients, symptom onset-to-gate and symptom gate-to-puncture durations, mRS (Modified Rankin Score) and NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) score, treatment method and degree of recanalization were listed.</p> <p>Results: MT was applied to 29 patients, MT + bolus IV-tPA was applied to 12 patients and MT + full dose IV-tPA was applied to 7 patients. The mean age was 66 &plusmn; 15 years, arrival mRS was 2 &plusmn; 2, arrival NIHSS score was 14 &plusmn; 5, onset-to-gate duration was 185 minutes and gate-to-puncture duration was 118 minutes.</p> <p>Conclusion: The rate of recanalization, functional independence and mortality were similar to the HERMES study. It was observed a higher rate of intracranial hemorrhage in patients who received bolus or full dose IV-Tpa compared to patients who underwent MT. These results have led us to question the necessity of giving bolus or full dose IV-tPA before MT. Onset-to-gate and gate-to-puncture durations were found longer than the recommended durations. Rapid and effective management of AIS patients will provide good clinical results.</p> 04/20/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1046.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Background: A misguided auto-reactive injury is responsible for several types of central nervous system (CNS) conditions in pediatrics. We propose that, in some of these conditions, the adaptive immune system has a common cellular immune pathogenesis, driven predominantly by T cells, despite variability on the phenotypical clinical presentation.</p> <p>Methods: We have characterized the CD4+/CD8+ adaptive immune response (AIR) on pediatric patients presenting with clinical symptoms compatible with Neuroimmune Disorders (NID). Flow cytometry with deep immunophenotyping of T cells was performed on peripheral blood obtained during the acute clinical phase and compared to an age-matched cohort group (Co).</p> <p>Results: We found that pediatric patients with confirmed NID, exhibit a pattern of dysregulation of CD4+ lineages associated with autoimmune processes.</p> <p>Discussion: The autoimmune associated CD4+ dysregulation was associated with patients with NID, as compared to healthy controls and patients with non-autoimmune diagnoses. If we can improve our capacity for early accurate diagnosis and meaningful disease monitoring of pathogenic T cell subsets, we can both expedite disease detection and may serve as a guide to the administration of effective immunotherapeutic agents.</p> 03/23/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1045.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is one of the main complications of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage and one of its causes is the cortical spreading depolarizations (CSDs). Cortical spreading depolarizations are waves of neuronal and glial depolarizations in which there is loss of neuronal ionic homeostasis with potassium efflux and sodium and calcium influx. In damaged brain areas and brain areas at risk, such as those adjacent to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), CSDs induce microvascular vasoconstriction and, therefore, hypoperfusion and spread of ischemia. Several studies have been devoted to minimize secondary injuries that occur hours to days after an acute insult. Ketamine, a drug until recently contraindicated in the neurosurgical population for potentially causing intracranial hypertension, has re-emerged as a potential neuroprotective agent due to its pharmacodynamic effects at the cellular level. These effects include anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and those of microthrombosis and cell apoptosis controls, and of modulation of brain excitotoxicity and CSDs. A literature review was performed at PubMed covering the period from 2002 to 2019. Retrospective studies confirmed the effects of ketamine on the control of CSDs and, consequently, of DCI in patients with SAH, but did not show improvement in clinical outcome. The influence of ketamine on the occurrence/development of DCI needs to be further confirmed in prospective randomized studies.</p> 03/19/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1044.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p>系统性动脉空气栓塞(SAAE)是一种罕见但严重的并发症电脑钩线定位的肺结节通常与灾难性和糟糕的结果。钩线针定位做手术把电线周围或进入肺结节的心胸外科医生提供精确定位目标结节胸腔镜手术的指导(大桶)楔形切除术安全边缘。医生应该意识到这可能的并发症在手术中为了抢救病人立即因为它需要快速诊断和管理。我们描述一位55岁男性接受了电脑钩线针的本地化左肺上叶肺癌和左前下叶肺结节计划大桶楔形切除了改变精神状态和双边丝放置完成后下肢瘫痪。他头部CT显示小空气栓塞在左枕叶区域,证实脑空气栓塞的诊断和随访CT和MRI的头部显示脑梗塞的多个领域。此外,他被诊断出患有脊髓前综合症(ACS),最有可能由于脊髓前动脉缺血从空气微栓塞的临床研究结果的基础上,但负面缺血性脊髓MRI的变化。他的精神状态恢复了但是他仍然截瘫和转移到住院康复服务。;/ p> 01/25/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1043.php <p>&ldquo;The mind of man is capable of anything&hellip;.because everything in in it, all the past as well as all the future [Joseph Conrad]&rdquo;. Why I am using above quote and what is the relation to what point I am coining you will understand its relevant your own as you moving line by line of this write-up.</p> 01/11/2021//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1042.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>A mass arising from the pituitary gland commonly damages cells of the anterior pituitary gland and affects the secretion of gonadotropins and growth hormone. However, central hypothyroidism and secondary adrenal insufficiency from such damage is a rare phenomenon. Acute urinary retention as the main symptom of central hypothyroidism is also an unusual initial presentation. We report a male patient who comes with frequent urinary retention and hyponatremia at our hospital.</p> 12/30/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1041.php & lt; p>睡眠相关呼吸障碍(睡眠相关)是七成熟的睡眠障碍的主要类别中定义的第三版的国际分类睡眠障碍(ICSD-3)和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是最常见的睡眠相关[1,2]。;/ p> 12/30/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1040.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Atrial septal defect (ASD) is common among adult congenital heart diseases but rarely causes paradoxical cerebral embolism. By sharing the ASD diagnosed after the first ischemic stroke attack at the age of 49 and a case of paradoxical cerebral embolism developing accordingly, we aimed to draw attention to the necessity of detailed cardiac examination in patients with cryptogenic stroke.</p> 12/16/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1039.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>We report a case of 30-year-old immunocompetent man, with a previous history of cranial-facial trauma, who presented with progressive left exophthalmos due to an intracranial left frontal-ethmoidal-orbital mass. Histology of the resected tumor revealed a classical Hodgkin&rsquo;s Lymphoma (HL). Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA/EBER was detected in typical Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. After postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy administration, the patient remains free of systemic disease or recurrence on 4 years of follow-up.</p> <p>Intracranial involvement by HL has rarely been described, mostly as a late localization or as a recurrence of a disseminated disease, in a setting of immunosuppression. Primary HL of the central nervous system occurring as an isolated disease is even more uncommon, with only 16 reported cases documented to date. The prognosis of these rare cases appears comforting with appropriate treatment. Tumor resection and, in appropriate cases, treatment with radiation and/or chemotherapy seem to warrant a durable response. For this reason a systemic disease should be excluded in all cases intracranial HL by a comprehensive work-up.</p> <p>To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first report that documents the association of intracranial HL and local trauma with subsequent intracranial infection.</p> 11/27/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1038.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Many patients with chronic cerebrovascular diseases complain &ldquo;dizziness&rdquo;, which is a distortion of static gravitational orientation, or an erroneous perception of motion of the sufferer or of the environment. In the vestibular cortical system, the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) serves as the core region having the strong interconnections with other vestibular cortical areas and the vestibular brainstem nuclei. By forming the reciprocal inhibitory interactions with the visual cortex (VISC), it also plays a pivotal role in a multisensory mechanism for self-motion perception. In a line of our studies on post-stroke patients, we found that there was a significant decrease in the cerebral blood flow in both the VISC and PIVC in the patients who suffered from dizziness. In this article, we provide a new concept that due to dysfunction of the visual-vestibular interaction loop, low cerebral blood perfusion in the PIVC and VISC might elicit post-stroke dizziness.</p> 11/26/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1037.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Objective: Atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) occurs when there is misalignment of the atlantoaxial joint. Several etiologies confer increased risk of AAS in children, including neck trauma, inflammation, infection, or inherent ligamentous laxity of the cervical spine.</p> <p>Methods: A single-center, retrospective case review was performed. Thirty-four patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of S13.1 were identified. Demographics and clinical data were reviewed for etiology, imaging techniques, treatment, and clinical outcome.</p> <p>Results: Out of thirty-four patients, twenty-two suffered cervical spine trauma, seven presented with Grisel&rsquo;s Syndrome, four presented with ligamentous laxity, and one had an unrecognizable etiology. Most diagnoses of cervical spine subluxation and/or instability were detected on computerized tomography (CT), while radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were largely performed for follow-up monitoring. Six patients underwent cervical spine fusion, five had halo traction, twelve wore a hard and/or soft collar without having surgery or halo traction, and eight were referred to physical therapy without other interventions.</p> <p>Conclusion: Pediatric patients with atlantoaxial subluxation may benefit from limited 3D CT scans of the upper cervical spine for accurate diagnosis. Conservative treatment with hard cervical collar and immobilization after reduction may be attempted, but halo traction and halo vest immobilization may be necessary. If non-operative treatment fails, cervical spine internal reduction and fixation may be necessary to maintain normal C1-C2 alignment.</p> 09/24/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1036.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p> & lt; strong>简介:& lt; / strong>脑囊尾蚴病(NCC)是一种常见的蠕虫感染发生在人类的神经系统成为中间宿主的生命周期猪绦虫(有钩绦虫)摄入后鸡蛋。本研究的目的是分析socio-demographic, NCC患者的临床和paraclinical特征在卢本巴希,刚果民主共和国灵活;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>方法:& lt; / strong>这是一个横断面研究的2年在卢本巴希的神经精神中心。Socio-demographic、临床paraclinical和治疗特性进行了研究。;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>结果:& lt; / strong>共有18 NCC患者上市。癫痫在72.2%(13/18)的病例。病人的平均年龄是30.2,plusmn;13.5年; males accounted for 61.2% of the cases. 84.6% were consumers of pork. Generalized epilepsy was found in 84.6% of the cases and hypereosinophilia in 38% of the cases. On the neuroimaging, the parietal location of lesions represented 92.3%; calcifications were the type of lesion in 53.8% of the cases and 69.2% of the cases presented lesions in the 4th evolutionary stage. Electroencephalogram was normal in 84.4% of the cases. Phenobarbital was the antiepileptic drug used in 69.3%; albendazole and prednisone were used in 53.9% of the cases.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that NCC is one of the causes of epilepsy in Lubumbashi. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures are the most common form of presentation and calcified parenchymal lesions are the most common radiological feature of NCC. So, any patient with acute onset of afebrile seizure should be screened for NCC provided other common causes been ruled out.</p> 08/25/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1035.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Blood vessels that supply and feed the central nervous system (CNS) possess unique and exclusive properties, named as blood&ndash;brain barrier (BBB). It is responsible for tight regulation of the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood and the brain thereby maintaining controlled chemical composition of the neuronal milieu required for appropriate functioning. It also protects the neural tissue from toxic plasma components, blood cells and pathogens from entering the brain. In this review the importance of BBB and its disruption causing brain pathology and progression to different neurological diseases like Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease (AD), Parkinson&rsquo;s disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington&rsquo;s disease (HD) etc. will be discussed.</p> 08/11/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1034.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p> & lt; strong>简介:& lt; / strong>视觉诱发电位(VEPs)潜在差异记录在头皮上对视觉刺激的反应。他们得到缓慢重复刺激。本研究的目的是确定的规范值设置灵活的视觉诱发电位;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>方法:& lt; / strong>我们进行了一项横断面研究从2月1日到4月30日,2019年在临床神经生理学实验室的ip Ndiaye诊所CHNU范氏在达喀尔(塞内加尔)。;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>结果:& lt; / strong>我们发现男性高平均N75, P100和N145波平均延迟和低的P100波振幅(p& gt; 0.05)。然而,无论是年龄还是身体质量指数影响的参数VEPs。; / p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>结论:& lt; / strong>性是重要的生理变量建立实验室VEPs规范值。 There is a marked difference between the sexes for the VEPs parameters.t</p> 05/26/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1033.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p> Parkinson&,年代疾病(PD)是一种神经退行性疾病,其特征是进行性退化性运动症状(如震动、平衡和步态受损)和nonmotor症状(例如,疲劳、睡眠障碍、疼痛),可以通过减少负面影响健康和精神健康的生活质量。它影响近1000万人越来越多的情况下诊断,因为进步在全球运动障碍诊所和诊断工具。PD患者也抱怨焦虑引起的这些症状的姿势不稳定、腰痛等,这可能会导致增加跌倒的风险,相关损伤的大脑,骨头或其他器官系统。压力是一个因素,神经退行性直接相关的病理。方法来减少压力在一个给定的时间点和one&,年代寿命被认为是一个主要在today&必要性;,年代的世界。各种身心的运动如瑜伽、太极、气功、探戈、芭蕾舞等,现在已经研究了很长一段时间,这表明PD患者的益处。本文相关证据瑜伽在PD和它的作用将在详细回顾了时尚。你们;/ p> 05/26/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1032.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Pleurothotonus, commonly known as Pisa Syndrome (PS), is a rare neurological disorder characterized by lateral bending of the trunk with a tendency to lean to one side. This is typically mobile and resolves in supine position. It often presents as an incapacitating symptom of underlying neurodegenerative conditions like Parkinson&rsquo;s disease, alzheimer&rsquo;s disease, multisystem atrophy, dementia with Lewy bodies, progressive supranuclear palsy and even subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. It is known to be associated with neuroleptics, dopaminergic agents, valproic acid and lithium. PS is also seen in neurosurgical disorders like subdural hematoma, normotensive hydrocephalus, or as a late complication of pallidotomy in patients with PD. It can present either as an acute emergency or can develop gradually over time.PS tend to happen in coronal plane and can be controlled and managed if diagnosed in early stage. However, a chronic form known as &ldquo;camptocormia&rdquo; occurs often in a combined fashion with anteroposterior flexion which can improve to some extent, remain stable or even get worse. Pathophysiologic mechanism is not completely understood. This review will discuss all the updated literatures published in PS in terms of prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, and treatment modalities.</p> 04/24/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1031.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Currently brain connectivity modelling, constructed from data acquired by non-invasive technique such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), is a well-received approach to illustrate brain function. However, not all connectivity models contains equal amount of information. There are two types of connectivity model that could be constructed from fMRI data, functional and effective connectivity. Effective connectivity includes information about the direction of the connection, while functional connectivity does not. This makes interpretation of effective connectivity more meaningful than functional connectivity. The objective of this study is to show the improvement in interpretability of effective connectivity model in comparison to functional connectivity model. In this study, we show how the difference in the information contained within these two model impacts the interpretation of the resulting connectivity model by analyzing resting-state fMRI data on episodic memory-related cognitive function using CONN Toolbox bivariate correlation measurement for functional connectivity analysis and Tigramite causal discovery framework for effective connectivity analysis on an episodic memory related resting-state fMRI dataset. The comparison between functional and effective connectivity results show that effective connectivity contains more information than the functional connectivity, and the difference in the information contained within these two types of model could significantly impact the intepretation of true brain function. In conclusion, we show that for the connectivity between specific pair of brain regions, effective connectivity analysis reveals more informative characteristic of the connectivity in comparison to functional connectivity where the depicted connectivity lack any additional characteristic information such as the direction of the connection or whether it is a unidirectional or bidirectional. These additional information improve interpretability of brain connectivity study. Thus, we would like to emphasis the important of brain function study using effective connectivity modelling to obtain valid interpretation of true brain function as currently a large body of research in this field focuses only on functional connectivity model.</p> 04/06/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1030.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p> & lt; strong>目的:& lt; / strong>目前,Parkinson&,年代疾病(PD)是年轻人中越来越普遍的年龄从30,mdash;40年。患者中发病率更高更高的身体质量指数(BMI),和一些报道认为肥胖是帕金森病的一个危险因素虽然有些报道说,肥胖和PD之间没有关系。PD患者在诊断时已一个高于正常体重指数,但低于正常随着疾病的进展。因此,有必要探索PD和肥胖之间的关系。你们;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>方法:& lt; / strong>349年门诊病人和住院病人从江苏大学附属People& PD选择;,s医院从2014年1月至2018年12月,74年同期住院病人non-cerebrovascular疾病被选为对照组。根据Hoehn-Yahr年级,Parkinson&患者分为三组。 The height, weight, waist and hip circumference, total cholesterol (TC), Total Glycerol (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured and recorded. The relationship between the severity of Parkinson&rsquo;s disease and blood lipids was evaluated.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The BMI of patients with PD in the early stage was higher than that of the control group, but lower than that of the control group in the late stage, and the level of blood lipid in the patients with early PD was significantly higher than that in the control group and patients with advanced PD, especially in TG. The waist circumference and hip circumference of the patients with early PD were higher than those in the control group, but there was no statistical difference.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> i) Obesity may increase the prevalence of PD. ii) The BMI of patients with PD shows two-way changes in different periods. iii) The BMI is higher and cholesterol is more elevated in the early stage of patients with PD, while at the advanced stage of the disease, the BMI and lipid levels of the patients showed a downward trend, which may be associated with a metabolic syndrome associated with dopamine depletion.</p> 03/05/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1029.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Sleep is considered as a complex process in human beings and is least understood mechanism. Role of sleep in synaptic plasticity remains a debatable topic till date. Sleep is influenced by genetic background of the individual. EEG done in human sleep showed strong influence of genetic factors. A handful of familial analyses involving specific gene loci and twin studies has been done in this regard. In this review article focused discussion on genetic contribution to sleep phenotypes, twin and familial linkage studies and effect of genetic variation on sleep will be covered.</p> 01/24/2020//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1028.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Observing the epidemiology of some neurodegenerative disease is interesting to verify some similarity and also related advanced or non-advanced countries and related diet habits. There are relationship between this conditions and diet habits? Some neurological condition related neuro-degeneration can be related to a complex dynamic system like the glymphatic system and the brain vascular clearance. Failure in this system seem related to aggravates of some condition like PD or vascular or diabetic dementia. (Animal model). But what happen if this dynamic system is saturated? A deep investigation related the specific role in CNS make possible to search new innovative strategies. The social economic cost for the neurodegenerative disease is the right tool to new research.</p> 11/11/2019//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1027.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p><strong>Background:</strong> Gliomas represent the most frequent primary tumors of central nervous system (CNS), contributing to more than half of the incidence of brain tumors. Cancer stem cell markers (CSC) identify a group of patients at high risk for progression. Nestin is an intermediate filament (IF) protein was first described as a neural stem cell/progenitor cell marker. Nestin-positive neuroepithelial stem cells are detected in the subventricular zone of the human adult brain and they remain mitotically active throughout adulthood. The expression of Nestin in gliomas has been suggested to be related to dedifferentiation, improved cell motility, invasive potential and increased malignancy. This study aims to investigate Nestin immunohistochemical expression in different types of glioma and its correlation with different clinicopathological parameters.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Nestin immunostaining was studied in 60 specimens of glioma using avidin-biotin peroxidase method.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Nestin was strongly expressed in 11/60 (18.33%), moderately expressed in 29/60 (48.33%) and weekly expressed in 15/60 (25%) of studied gliomas. A significant positive correlation was found between Nestin expression and histologic type (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and increasing grade of gliomas (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Increased Nestin expression is correlated with tumor progression, increasing grade and poor prognostic parameter of glioma. Nestin is a useful marker for detection of CSC in high-grade glioma which is responsible for resistance to chemo-radiotherapy and may serve as a predictor for patient outcomes.</p> 11/04/2019//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1026.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>The biological changes caused by oxidative stress (OS) are known to be involved in the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington&rsquo;s disease, and Parkinson&rsquo;s disease. The brain is particularly vulnerable to OS due to its high lipid content and extensive consumption of oxygen. OS processes, particularly the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), play a critical role in how neurodegenerative disorders develop. This is evidenced by in vivo studies investigating various biomolecules related to OS, such as products of lipid and DNA oxidation. Accordingly, ROS can also cause oxidative-related damage in neurodegenerative disorders, including dopamine auto-oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, glial cell activation, &alpha;-synuclein aggregation, excessive free iron, and changes in calcium signaling. Furthermore, excessive levels of cellular oxidants reduce antioxidant defenses, which in turn propagate the cycle of OS. As such, it is increasingly important to determine the linkage between a high intake of antioxidants through dietary interventions and a lower risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, in addition to modulating the immune system, optimal nutritional status is capable of changing various processes of neuroinflammation known to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Accordingly, a better understanding of the role ROS plays in the etiology of neurodegeneration is needed, along with the identification of dietary interventions that may lead to improved therapeutic strategies for both the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, this review presents a comprehensive summary of the role of ROS in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, nutrients believed to be useful for mitigating and counteracting ROS are discussed.</p> 10/01/2019//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1025.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Tamsulosin is used to treat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), prescribed annually to about 12.6 million patients worldwide. It is an alpha-adrenergic antagonist that reduces the tone of the prostate smooth muscle involved in the pathophysiology of BPH. By acting on alpha 1A receptors, predominant in the prostate, tamsulosin also acts on receptors present in the brain. This study consisted of a literature review aimed at disseminating scientific knowledge about the relationship between the use of tamsulosin and the onset of dementia. PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Embase, and Web of Science studies involving dementia in patients using tamsulosin in the last five years were selected. The review showed a risk correlation and a higher incidence of dementia in treated patients. The risk ratio, when compared to other medicines, approached 1.20. In conclusion, it was identified the need for clinical trials with higher sampling power to increase relational significance due to the high prevalence of BPH and the extensive use of tamsulosin in elderly patients with the disease.</p> 08/01/2019//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1024.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p><strong>Background:</strong> Drosophila models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been widely used in understanding molecular mechanisms of ALS pathogenesis as well as discovering potential targets for therapeutic drugs. Mutations in the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause ALS by gain of toxic functions and induce toxicity in fly motor neurons.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: In this study, we have determined that human carbonic anhydrase I (CA1) can alleviate mutant SOD1-induced motor neuron toxicity in the transgenic fly model of ALS. Interestingly, we found that motor neuron expression of CA1 could independently induce locomotion defect as well as decreasing the survival rate. In addition, CA1-induced toxicity in motor neurons is anhydrase activity-dependent. Mechanistically, we identified that both SOD1- and CA1-induced toxicity involve the activation of eIF2&alpha; in the ER stress response pathway. Downstream activation of the JNK pathway has also been implicated in the induced toxicity.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Our results have confirmed that SOD1-induced toxicity in fly motor neuron also involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. More importantly, we have discovered a new cellular role that CA1 plays by antagonizing mutant SOD1-induced toxicity in motor neurons involving the ER stress pathway. Such information can be potentially useful for further understanding disease mechanisms and developing therapeutic targets for ALS.</p> 07/31/2019//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1023.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Aim of this work is to produce a general theory related an new depurative strategy to be devalued for reduce or delay some spinal cord and brain degenerative and inflammatory chronic disease or acute traumatic condition. It is used and informatics approach in order to set correct the problem and the process. Scope of this project is to submit to the researcher a new therapeutic strategy (under a depurative- toxicological-pharmacological) in this complex kind of disease. A Turing machine theory say us a method to TRASLATE the need of a strategy in a practical hypotesys of work. A global conceptual map can help in this field.</p> 07/24/2019//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1022.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p><strong>Aim:</strong> The work was to perform a comparative study of the neuroprotective and nootropic activities of two pharmaceutical substances, the HLDF-6 peptide and its amide form (HLDF-6-NH2).</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: We used in the study healthy adult male Wistar rats aged 180&ndash;200 days weighing 280&ndash;300 g. We modelled ischemic stroke in rats by chronical occlusion of carotid arteries. Solutions of the HLDF-6-NH2 and HLDF-6 peptides were administered intranasally. Cognitive functions we assessed with Novel object recognition test and Morris maze.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The amide form of HLDF-6 peptide is more efficient: the neuroprotective activity of HLDF-6-NH2, evaluated by improvement of cognitive functions in animals, surpassed that of the native HLDF-6 peptide. A dose of 250 &micro;g/kg of HLDF-6-NH2 peptide resulted in practically complete restoration of the disturbed functions. In the model of ischemic stroke, the amide form of the peptide significantly excelled the reference substance mexidol both in the effective dose and biological activity.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The results of study of the agent allow hoping for its success in further clinical investigation. In view of high demand for the agent and in case of successful clinical trials, it will surely become widely used in clinical practice in treatment of IS.</p> 07/09/2019//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1020.php & lt; h2> Summary< / h2>& lt; p>中枢神经系统病变,自发地来来去去,没有任何治疗在不同的时间点,在不同的位置(中枢神经系统)通常导致的多发性硬化的可能性。然而,有时也有例外。手术活检仍然是一个重要工具违抗nitive诊断困难的情况下。我们报告一例颅内弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的自发消失没有任何治疗,然后出现在不同时间点、不同地点灵活;/ p> 03/04/2019//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1019.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Aim of this work is to verify the effect of some neurotoxins, physical factors and geography in presentation of some Relevant Neurological disorder like some form of ASL, PD, AD.</p> <p>The geographic diffusion of the ASL/PD in west pacific (GUAM foci), and mutation of SOD 1 and other mutations are interesting facts to verify the recent literature about the neurotoxic process.</p> <p>Related to the references presented a global conclusion about the pathogenetic progression of some neurological disease will be produced as instrument for new hypothesis and for the introduction of new innovative therapeutic strategies.</p> 12/31/2018//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1018.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>A 35-year-old female, known case of complete spinal cord injury, presented with cervical pain and neck deformity that interfere with her physiotherapy and occupational therapy. Two years before admission, she had a car accident which result in a complete quadriplegia. That time at another center, she underwent surgery to anterior cervical fixation of C6-C7 through insertion of cage and plate without corpectomy. Based on current radiologic images, spondyloptosis was detected at the C6-C7 with bilateral locked facet, due to hardware failure. A three approaches in one stage was performed to maintain cervical alignment that includes posterior, anterior and again posterior approach. With this manner, anterior fusion through corpectomy and insertion of expandable cage and plate as same as instrumental posterolateral fusion were done. After surgery, she was pain free and the alignment of cervical spine was maintained so she could come back to ordinary rehabilitation programs.</p> 12/14/2018//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1017.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p>分析了这项工作科学文献涉及人类进化作为一个考古通路连接不同的科学在整个新学科。你们;/ p>& lt; p>合理分类单一证据有可能更好地理解新光一些生理过程。;/ p>& lt; p>考古工具被应用在其他领域如生物或其他科学灵活;/ p> 11/30/2018//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1016.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Cranioplasty is a reconstructive procedure for the repair of skull defects or deformities. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a commonly used alloplastic material when autologous bone is unavailable.However, manual shaping of bone cement for frontal and orbital bone defects is challenging and may not lead to cosmetically satisfactory results. Advances in computer-aided 3-dimensional (3D) design and printing technology allow the production of patient-customized implants with improved cosmetic and functional results. A 39-year-old female patient presented with right-sided frontal swelling and headache. Computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated a right frontal calvarial mass extending to the orbital wall. The boundaries of the lesion were marked using a 3D design software. A polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) mold was manufactured with help of a 3D printer. Artificial bone flap was formed by pouring PMMA into the mold. After surgical resection of the calvarial mass, customized PMMA implant was applied with titanium mini plate and screws. The defect was closed properly with good aesthetic results. Production of customized PMMA cranioplasty implants with 3D printed molds is a useful technique and can be preferred for calvarial defects due to skull tumors, bone resorption and traumatic bone loss.</p> 11/28/2018//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1015.php <h2>Forewords</h2> <p>The growth of Rehabilitation, in all of its field and mainly in neuro-rehabilitation applications and settings, is showing increasingly strong interaction with the growth of technology and its innovative applications.</p> <p>Nevertheless, is should be stressed that the use of machinery has always been a fundamental mainstay of Rehabilitation practices facing the whole person&rsquo;s aspects and involving the whole physical world around the disabled people as it is: as it was in the past with physical exercises, physical modalities, and in many other trainings and activities that employed physical and technological means as Aids, Prostheses and Orthotics.</p> 10/05/2018//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1014.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Ailment repairing regiments has turn out to be arduous, despite a plenty of understanding and knowledge acquired in the past relating to the molecular underpinnings of Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease (AD. Umpteen clinical experiments targeting the fabrication and accumulation have been turned fruitless to fit potency standards.The tests aiming beta-amyloid hypothesis also turned futile making it exigent for further handling tactics. The new emanation of a comparably candid, economical, and punctilious system known as gene editing have showed light in path of cure for AD by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Being a straight approach this procedure has already shown assurance in other neurological disorders too such as Huntington&rsquo;s disease. This review standpoint the immanent service of CRISPR/Cas9 as a remedial option for AD by aiming on specific genes inclusive of those that induce early-onset AD, as well as those that are substantial risk components for late-onset AD such as the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) gene.</p> 08/14/2018//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1013.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Sleep disorders in human are common and detrimental to general health of all age groups. While the neurobiological mechanisms of sleep disorders are not yet fully understood, recent advances in research on the sleep-wake regulation mechanism, genetic and epigenetic factors, cognitive,emotional and physiological changes related to sleep have shed light on the mechanistic basis of sleep disorders. Over the past two decades, studies in Drosophila have yielded new insights into basic questions regarding sleep function and regulation. More recently, powerful genetic approaches in the fly have been applied toward studying primary human sleep disorders and other disorders associated with dysregulated sleep. In this review, we discussed recent advances in neurobiology of sleep-wave cycle and common sleep disorders. Understanding these mechanisms are important in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these common disorders.</p> 07/27/2018//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1012.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p>单纯疱疹病毒(HSV) 1脑炎是最常见的感染引起散发性脑炎。尽管阿昔洛韦治疗,HSV脑炎仍有严重的发病特点是持续的神经赤字。amp;, HSV脑炎通常遵循一个单相课程,然而,一些患者可能出现复发症状的形成造成auto-antibodies针对n -甲基- d受体(NMDAR)。这里我们提出一个82岁的男性患者HSV脑炎发达他出院后不久Post-HSV NMDAR脑炎、癫痫复发和恶化的残余失语症。一线免疫疗法与静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IgIV)管理和病人几乎回到他基线残余赤字HSV脑炎。随后,他提出NMDAR脑炎的反复复发。周期性IgIV治疗以来开始病人控制发作,他的神经精神病学的状况是稳定的。总之,承认Post-HSV NMDAR脑炎非常重要,因为神经系统表现与免疫治疗可以明显提高。有趣的是,在一些病人脑HSV感染似乎与持久的自体免疫激活引发慢性炎性疾病,需要长期治疗。你们;/ p> 06/29/2018//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1011.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p>广泛的研究已经意识到了小胶质激活联缀危险的精神疾病如精神分裂症、双相情感障碍,重度抑郁症。有一个生动的场景外周单核细胞的细胞和小胶质中的交互body< br /比;同时考虑到精神疾病的发病机制。综述,概括并讨论激活的小胶质细胞和单核细胞的细胞在精神疾病,从而展示了潜在的关联这些细胞类型和疾病的发病机理,并为将来的研究提出的观点对这些过程灵活;/ p> 05/03/2018//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1010.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Starting from observation of pathogenesis of KURU disease we try to investigate the immunologic role played by central nervous systems. A deeply knowledge in the transmission model of this pathology can be an imaging/diagnostic tool to Verify the progression of this prion molecule from gastro intestinal systems to the brain.&nbsp;(After cannibalistic behavior). The prions can be considered a sort of trace ant in KURU to monitoring this process and immune- brain relationship. Interesting information can be obtained useful to produce new pharmacological strategies in some other degenerative brain disease involving innate immune system activation.</p> 04/20/2018//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1009.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p>脊髓性肌萎缩(SMA)是一种遗传和严重疾病,描述由运动神经元(MN)死亡,从而导致进步,加速肌肉脆弱,呼吸系统崩溃,在最严重的情况下,它甚至铺平了道路。在神经肌肉接点(NMJ),异常在SMA已报告,包括神经丝(NF)聚集在突触前终端,不成熟和更小的部分,降低发射机释放,,最终,肌肉去神经。本文研究了SMA的微笑的作用。本文强调了得罪的角色在SMA。你们微笑的;/ p> 01/30/2018//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1008.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p><strong>Background</strong>: This study aims to retrospectively investigate the comorbidity of ADHD multiple symptoms (behavioral) with alcohol addiction in a sample of adult alcohol-dependent patients and to test their current attentional skills (behavioral and cognitive).</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Thirty-two adult alcohol-dependent patients were examined for ADHD using a semi-structured interview and the Mini Mental State Examination to evaluate attention and inhibition functions. Brown ADD Scales were used to specifically examine ADHD syndrome. Patients were compared with thirty matched control participants selected from healthy population in few measures of attentional control and working memory.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: 50% of patients showed evidence of primary ADHD symptoms: specifically, 28.12% showed criteria for ADHD highly probable, 12.50% for ADHD probable but not certain and 9.38% for ADHD possible but not likely. Patients also revealed several deficits in the selective visual attention, interference control and verbal working memory compared to the control group.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: These results revealed that adult alcohol-dependent patients had retrospectively high comorbidity with ADHD and significant current deficits of the executive functions. These findings suggest the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in order to prevent the development of alcohol dependence.</p> 10/13/2017//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1007.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p>这种情况下报告了& lt; em> in-vivo< / em>发现在焦Ab-amyloid沉积之间的时空关系,脑micro-haemorrhages superfi脸部用的铁尘肺。一个65岁的女人经历了11 c-pib PET扫描显示一个典型的焦点和不对称模式Ab-amyloid沉积和核磁共振扫描显示脑micro-haemorrhages和表面的铁尘肺。几乎所有micro-haemorrhages与焦Ab-amyloid沉积有关。随访11 c-pib PET和MRI扫描显示疾病的进展。我们推测,Abamyloid沉积影响小动脉的结构完整性,从而诱发微出血。支持这一假说,MRI观察病变的发展只有在与Ab-amyloid沉积有关的区域。;/ p> 10/06/2017//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1006.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2><p>Syringomyelia in combination with inherent or acquired hindbrain abnormalities is the non seldom and at the same time controversial issue.</p> <p><strong>Purpose</strong>: The etiology and pathogenesis creates a lot of discussion.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Experimental syringomyelia was induced in 20 anesthetized rabbits by injecting 0.5 ml of 25% kaolin suspension into the cisterna magna. Six rabbits with puncture and injection sterile saline NaCl were used as a control. The animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 4 and 6 months after the kaolin injection. Four hydrocephalus rabbits were sacrificed in 17 hours after the puncture of lateral ventricle with injection of solution of colloidal gold labeled human albuminum. The sections of the brain and spinal cord were stained with hematoxylin and eosin by Nissle and Marchi methods and with immunogold technique. Retropharyngeal lymph nodes of the animals were examined by electron microscopy.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Our observation showed that water hammer effect and internal destruction of the spinal cord may lead to continuous antigen stimulation of regional lymph nodes and play an important role in pathogenesis of experimental syringomyelia.</p> 08/30/2017//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1005.php & lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p>在这里,我们报告的一个有趣的案例84岁女性急性麻痹性痴呆发病的左臂和左脸和手臂的感觉异常。这些症状在两个小时内解决。两周前她之前也有类似的情节只有左臂感觉异常。她的缺血性病变MRI显示不同阶段的腔隙。有趣的是,天鹅序列显示单侧性的而不是全球多个microhemorrhages MCA和PCA领土,和沟回hyperintensity天赋也没有看到敏效果和最小的增强有关,说明可能的脑淀粉样血管病(CAA)基于波士顿标准。;/ p>& lt; p>它已经承认创新艺人经纪公司可以与特定的本地化偏好清单。脑microinfarct和白质病在CAA经常观察到的后循环的领土,然而,限制偏侧性在我们的例子中没有见过报道。自创新艺人经纪公司往往是诊断特征核磁共振发现了顺便说一句,认识到这是一个潜在的,宝贝,TIA mimic&”,将重要的指导治疗由于其出血的风险更高。总之,本例中强调了创新艺人经纪公司可能存在限制单侧性的病变及神经功能缺损发生在瞬变,之前我们的知识并没有被报道。 Recognition of it as a potential manifestation of CAA will be valuable in the clinical diagnosis process.</p> 06/30/2017//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1004.php <h2>ABSTRACT</h2> <p><strong>Objective:</strong> To report our experience of direct carotid puncture and its use in the management of a large and rapidly expanding cavernous aneurysm.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: A patient with a cavernous aneurysm that measured 25mm in maximum diameter underwent treatment with flow diversion. The initial treatment strategy was parent vessel occlusion however she failed the balloon occlusion test at 3 minutes. Due to extremely tortuous vessels stable access via a common femoral artery approach was impossible to achieve. We present our strategy, the post-operative management and long term results.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Using a direct carotid puncture three telescoped Pipeline embolisation devices were successfully deployed across the neck of the cavernous aneurysm without complication. The puncture site formed a stable platelet plug after direct compression with an ultrasound probe for 90 minutes with no post-operative complications either intracranially or at the neck puncture site. At 2 year follow-up the aneurysm is completely excluded from the circulation.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Direct carotid puncture can be used as access for intracranial interventional procedures even if patients are on dual anti-platelet medication.</p> 06/06/2017//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1003.php <h2>ABSTRACT</h2> <p>Stroke and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease (AD) are responsible for a major proportion of mortalities in the elderly. We have previously investigated novel mechanism-based therapies of AEURA in cell culture models against viral infection and in glutamate excitotoxity. In our new studies, we propose that the homeopathic formula AEURA could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for stroke &amp; for AD.In examining AEURA treatment of PC12 cells exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity, hypoxia /re-oxygenation injury and A-Beta toxicity. We demonstrated an increased survival rate in AEURA treated cells by comparison to control cells. In examining the therapeutic potential of AEURA in PC12 cells this homeopathic agent was found to be neuroprotective against either glutamate induced toxicity, hypoxia /re-oxygenation stress or cell stress resulting from viral infection (with either HSV-1 or rhinovirus). Our ongoing studies involve examining the neuroprotective potential AEURA in vivo using rodent models of stroke &amp; AD.</p> 02/21/2017//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1002.php <h2>ABSTRACT</h2> <p>In the cardiovascular field, tachycardia and increment of catecholamine plasma levels (sympathetic hyperactivity) have been reported by hypertensive patients that use L-type Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) since 70&acute;s. Our discovery of the involvement of interaction between the intracellular signalling pathways mediated by Ca2+ and cAMP (Ca2+/cAMP interaction) revealed that this phenomenon (sympathetic hyperactivity) was resulting of increase of transmitter release from sympathetic neurons stimulated by CCBs due to its interference on the Ca2+/cAMP interaction. In the neuroscience field, this discovery has produced new paths for the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer&acute;s and Parkinson&rsquo;s diseases. In this way, novel journeys for the development of new pharmacological strategies more effective for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases may be initiated.</p> 12/19/2016//m.lakotalakes.com/jnnd/jnnd-aid1001.php <h2>ABSTRACT</h2> <p><strong>Objective:</strong> We evaluated the 30-day outcomes of early (&le; 14 days) or delayed (15 days to three months) carotid revascularization (CR) performed in patients who presented acute brain infarction secondary to internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We included all patients with a recent cerebral infarction from July 2010 to June 2014 who underwent CR in our center within three months after the onset of symptoms for ICA stenosis. Data were retrospectively collected. Two groups were identifi ed: Group A included patients who underwent early CR within the first fourteen days after symptom onset, and Group B, patients who underwent delayed CR, from the fifteenth day up to the third month after symptom onset. Death, stroke and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were analyzed.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Seventy-one patients underwent CR (73.2% men, with a median age of 71). Nineteen patients underwent early CR and 52 underwent delayed CR. The mean interval from initial examination to surgery was 9.5 days (range, 3-14 days) in Group A and 42 days (range, 15-92 days) in Group B. No complication occurred in Group A within the 30 postoperative days. In Group B, no MACE or death was observed and two patients presented with post-operative stroke (3.8%).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This retrospective study confi rmed the satisfactory outcomes of early CR after acute brain infarct. Accurate clinical and radiological selection of patients prevents early neurological complications.</p>