Heighpubs耳鼻喉科和鼻科学

单或双治疗的比较研究theranostic 188 re-liposome microRNA表达人类头部和颈部原位肿瘤模型的概要文件

02/25/2021

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>

Background: 188Re-liposome has been used for evaluating the theranostic efficacy on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) at preclinical stages. Here we furthercompared the microRNA expressive profile in orthtopic HNSCC tumor model exposed to 188Re-liposome.

Methods: A single dose or dual doses of 188Re-liposome was intravenously injected into tumor-bearing mice followed by the Cerenkov luminescent imaging (CLI) for monitoring the accumulation of 188Re-liposome in tumors. The microRNA expressive profile was generated using the TaqMan® OpenArray® Human MicroRNA Panel followed by the DIANA mirPath analysis, KEGG signaling pathways prediction, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for predicting the prognostic role of 188Re-liposome affected microRNAs.

Results: Dual doses of 188Re-liposome exhibited a better tumor suppression than a single dose of 188Re-liposome, including reduced tumor size, Ki-67 proliferative marker, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related factors. The microRNA expressive profiles showed that 22 microRNAs and 19 microRNAs were up-regulated and down-regulated by dual doses of 188Re-liposome, respectively. Concomitantly, these two groups of microRNAs were inversely regulated by a single dose of 188Re-liposome accordingly. These microRNAs influenced most downstream genes involved in cancer related signaling pathways. Further, miR-520e and miR-522-3p were down-regulated whereas miR-186-5p and miR-543 were up-regulated by dual doses of 188Re-liposome, and they separately affected most of genes involved in their corresponding pathways with high significance. Additionally, high expressions of miR-520e and miR-522-3p were associated with lower survival rate of HNSCC patients.

Conclusion: MicroRNA expression could be used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and regarded prognostic factors using different doses of 188Re-liposome.

活性氧喷雾作为COVID-19预防感染

10/30/2020

Viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19 is very high within households despite self isolation [1,2]. Transmission of the virus is thought to be similar to that of influenza.

在ENT Coronaryvirus感染,氧化应激

09/17/2020

In COVID-19 pandemic we focused on epidemiology and somewhat we neglect the possibility of biochemical influencing of the infection. Therefore we try to find some properties of the virus, which are impressionable by drugs. Droplet infection transmission is mainly (hypochloric acid) by nose and mouth. Diseases of nose and paranasal sinuses are most often of viral or bacterial origin.

保护牙齿和牙龈在刚性内窥镜上aerodigestive道:我们的经验与一次性可塑的,刚性热塑性护齿套

08/11/2020

& lt; p>直接刚性pharyngoscopy,喉镜检查和oesophagoscopy很常见的程序——,amp;脖子,对诊断和治疗的目的。;/ p>

急性舌头肿胀的管理

07/14/2020

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p> & lt; strong>背景:& lt; / strong>舌头肿胀通常表现为急性上呼吸道阻塞。你们,br /比;目的:目前的一系列情况的患者呈现急性舌头肿胀分享我们的经验在管理这些病人。;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>主题和方法:& lt; / strong>回顾性分析连续患者呈现强烈的急诊科(ED)在苏格兰的两个机构。所有患者耳鼻喉科专家的评估可能的舌头肿胀的原因。数据收集统计、并发症、临床历史,检查发现,急性呼吸道管理和后续护理病人需要灵活;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>结果:& lt; / strong>共有32名患者(平均年龄,plusmn; STD, 61.6 ± 18.8; 65% male) were included in the study from two teaching hospitals. The most common presenting symptoms were difficulty in speaking (30/32, 94%) and dysphagia (27/32, 84%). Breathing difficulty was only observed in 8 of 32 patients (25%). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor’s induced angioedema was the most common cause (45%) for acute tongue swelling. Three (9.4%) patients required intubation; 2 (6.3%) on initial presentation. Two patients had emergency tracheostomy for breathing difficulties due to supraglottic swelling on flexible pharyngolaryngoscopy.

Conclusion: Acute tongue swelling is a life-threatening condition. The patients on ACE inhibitors would appear to be at higher risk of developing acute tongue swelling. Such patients with potentially compromised airway need to be treated in a facility where emergency intubation and tracheostomy can be performed at a short notice.

双边前庭反射消失的例外情况复杂的急性中耳炎

07/02/2020

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p> & lt; strong>简介:& lt; / strong>双边前庭反射消失是一种罕见的病理实体的最常见病因是耳毒性药物。我们报告一个不寻常的情况下双侧前庭反射消失使急性中耳炎我们提高病理学的诊断和治疗管理的困难。你们;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>案例报告:& lt; / strong>57岁的突尼斯病人咨询失去平衡与耳痛、听力损失有关。最初的临床检查发现两国急性中耳炎,对和谐前庭综合症和正常的神经系统检查。的诊断post-otitis迷路炎被保留。病人抗生素和糖皮质激素。进化,在黑暗中不稳定的持久性和振动幻视; vestibular explorations concluded with bilateral vestibular areflexia. MRI concluded to posterior labyrinthitis and eliminated central neurological involvement. The patient was kept under betahistine. The tympanic cavity was drained by a tympanic aerator on both sides. Vestibular rehabilitation was started quickly. Gradual improvement was obtained of autonomy with persistent oscillopsia.

Conclusion: Bilateral vestibular areflexia poses diagnostic problems based on anamnestic and clinical arguments and vestibular explorations. The therapeutic management is delicate, vestibular reeducation occupies a primordial place.

耳鼻喉科学外科医生死于Covid-19为什么比其他外科专业吗?

06/22/2020

& lt; p> Covid-19感染是由冠状病毒引起的SARS-CoV-2。这导致了目前流行的成千上万的人死亡包括许多一线医护人员。的外科医生死于covid-19看起来耳鼻喉科学的外科医生已经做出了最大的牺牲(图1)[1]。;/ p>

良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)和microvasculitis:鼻腔细胞学和病理学之间的比较研究

02/24/2020

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>

Purpose: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most frequent peripheral vertigo syndrome in otoneurological clinical practice and is characterized by short and paroxysmal objective vertigo crises caused by changes in the position of the head on specific planes of space. Secondary microvasculitis is characterized by inflammatory destruction of the small vessels. Starting from this point, this work is based on the research of correlation between microvasculitis (especially secondary), recurrent BPPV and nasal cytology, an aspect, among other things, poorly documented.

Materials and methods: To evaluate the relationships between recurrent BPPV and secondary microvasculitis, nine patients with this disorder, 5 males and 4 females aged between 25 and 40 years were observed (average age 30.6). Non allergic pains in the small joints and in the anamnesis nothing relevant in the gentiles and collaterals: Evaluated with vestibular audiometric examination, nasal cytology and vascular examination with corneal HRT results. Nasal cytology, in all cases, has documented the presence of rare mast cells. The hemodynamics of the microcirculation with a confocal microscope has revealed blood flow alteration in all subjects.

Discussion: Analyzing the results, both the prevalence of the right side and a close relationship between vasculitis and BPPV could be seen.

Conclusion: The study of the nasal mucosa and the research of inflammatory cells could be fundamental for the study of BPPV in which as we have seen the important biochemical role for the onset of these diseases.

听力损失在非洲Subsaharan负担:快照ENT诊所在尼日利亚

12/31/2019

Summary

Background: Disabling hearing loss is a prevalent public health issue, with significant impact on patients’ communication. The disability associated with hearing loss depends on the severity of the hearing loss. There are limited rehabilitative measures in resource challenged environment. This study assesses the incidence, the factors for hearing impairment and the management outcome.

Methods: A descriptive three-year chart review of patients managed for hearing loss in a tertiary health center in a developing country. The data collected include demographic data, clinical presentation and risk factors for hearing loss, audiometric reports, rehabilitative measures and management outcome.

Results: The patients with ear symptoms managed within the study period were 1350, of whom 498 (36.8%) had hearing loss of varying degrees. These included 145 (29.1%) males and 353 (70.9%) females with male to female ratio of 1:2.4. The age ranged from 8 to 80 years (median age of 35.7). Disabling hearing loss in the better-hearing ear occurred in 216 (43.4%) of cases. Increasing age and chronic supportive otitis media were associated with disabling hearing loss. The hearing thresholds improved with hearing aids and ear surgical procedures; nonetheless the patients’ rehabilitation was impaired by limited resources.

Conclusion: There is poor rehabilitation of people with hearing loss, though management outcome is commendable in a few of them. Health education will reduce the risk factors for disabling hearing loss and improved rehabilitative measures are needed for these individuals.

平滑肌肉瘤的上颌窦€“一种罕见的临床实体

07/17/2018

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>

Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant smooth-muscle tumor that has a predilection for the gastrointestinal and female genital tract and is a rare entity in the paranasal sinuses. It is locally fast-spreading and highly aggressive, and the prognosis is poor. We report a rare case of leiomyosarcoma of the maxilla in a patient who sought treatment for maxillary swelling, nasal obstruction with no epistaxis, orbital involvement or cervical lymph node metastasis. The patient underwent total maxillectomy followed by radiotherapy. At present after 5 years of follow up, he is symptom free with no recurrence.

的底减压二裂片的瓣内侧眼角的重建

11/06/2017

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p>重建眼睑,尤其是内侧眼角的区域,是面临的最大挑战之一oculoplastic,头颈外科医生。患者内侧眼角的缺陷,涉及内侧眼角的肿瘤切除后,上下眼皮,和鼻子。缺陷是使用底减压二裂片的皮瓣重建。底减压二裂片的皮瓣是一种简单有效的内眦的重建并提供一次性的重建和保护当地的解剖关系,;/ p>

CT压力诱导副鼻窦结构的扩张的迹象

09/26/2017

Summary

Several articles have been written about hyper inflated sinus structures. Never before, however, a complete overview of all possible pressure induced variations of sinus anatomy have been published. The aim of this study was to make an inventory of the most common CT signs of hyper inflated paranasal sinus structures. During a period of 2 years all CT-scans of the paranasal sinuses made in an ENT-department were studied and the most typical shapes of hyper inflated sinus structures were recorded.

The authors documented 9 different anomalies of the anterior paranasal sinus complex (frontal sinus, frontal and supra-orbital recess and anterior ethmoid), 8 of the ethmoid and 1 of the sphenoidal sinus. These hyper inflated paranasal sinus structures can only be generated by high positive intranasal pressures. The nose blowing manoeuvre is the only manoeuvre that generates extremely high pressures and as such it might be the driving force in the generation of these hyper inflated paranasal structures and consequently play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic sinusitis.

Pneumatisation of the sinuses starts at birth and is a lifelong process. Sometimes, however, pneumatisation can be extreme and will result in facial deformities. Pneumosinus dilatans, is such a condition, characterized by an abnormal dilatation of a paranasal sinus cavity, containing air only. Most reports describe pneumosinus dilatans of the frontal sinus, but also other sinuses can show this phenomenon: maxillary sinus and in one case a unilateral pneumosinus dilatans of nearly all sinuses (maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinus) was described.

Recently Kalavagunta et al., described a less dramatic expansion of the maxillary sinus and named it “Extensive Maxillary Sinus Pneumatisation” (EMSP). They were surprised to see that EMSP has received little attention in the literature. Neuner et al., described 9 different atypical pneumatisation abnormalities of the paranasal sinus anatomy.

Most of deformities of the sinus pneumatisation are growth deformities of the thick bones that make up the frame of the sinuses. Only a few articles, deal with specific deformities of thinner bone structures such as “wavy orbital floor” and “frontal cells”. Never before, however, an article was published that studied all possible deformities due to increased pressures and tried to make a classification. So the aim of this study was to make an inventory of the most obvious pressures related deformities that can be seen on CT-scans of patients with rhinosinusitis.

Kikuchia€™s疾病在一个年轻的斯堪的那维亚的女人

09/20/2017

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>& lt; p>一名21岁女子提出了颈部淋巴结病和盗汗。最初,淋巴瘤被怀疑的肿大淋巴结被切除以做出诊断。组织病理学检查显示Kikuchi&, s疾病,通常是一个良性综合征与自发的决议。这种疾病是非常罕见的,尤其是在高加索人群。更高的发病率是亚裔患者。你们;/ p>& lt; p>患者颈部淋巴结肿胀持续了几个月,并进一步淋巴结被怀疑恶性转变。然而考试仅显示Kikuchi&疾病。鉴于没有特定的治疗。复诊进行每半年地和病人正在等待删除另一个肿胀的淋巴结复发的怀疑她Kikuchi&,年代疾病。;/ p>

阻抗测听法:镫骨的反射诱发条件

09/20/2017

Summary

The work is an attempt to create a complete system of conditions which influence genesis, existence, and response characteristics of stapedial reflex in impedance audiometry. The author divides the conditions into the internal-reflex arc integrity, temporal acoustic summation, mixed-external auditory meatus and middle ear, and internal-side of stimulation and energy content of the stimulus. The system of conditions that influence stapedial reflex is based on a criterion, that stapedial reflex depends on energy, which is percepted by the inner ear as subjective loudness. The system of conditions stated in this work is based mainly on the author’s own experiments and measurements, which are herein also documented. At the same time, these results are in accordance with data in literature as quoted. This system is not closed-it potentially may be completed using the basic criterion and further knowledge.

耳鸣:诊断和治疗选择

08/31/2017

& lt; h2> Introduction< / h2>& lt; p> Tinnitus-derived源于拉丁语,宝贝,tinnire&”,意思,宝贝,& lt; em> ring< / em>,”,是一个感知到的响,在耳边嗡嗡作响,或者发出嘶嘶声(s)或在头部有多种病因和有时是特发性的。2009年在美国,大约有5000万美国人六个月或更大的影响,而2000年的英国研究报告发病率10%成年人[1]。耳鸣可能相差很大关于音调,响度,描述的声音,特殊的本地化,时间模式[2]。大多数时候,耳鸣与其他听觉症状有关,如听力损失和听觉过敏[3]。耳鸣可能会导致睡眠障碍,障碍,和痛苦。慢性患者的严重程度不同在这个队列,无法满足日常活动。尽管耳鸣更可能影响成人和发病率随着年龄的增加,孩子也可以体验耳鸣[4]。男性更有可能遭受像那些烟[5]。;/ p>

Otogenic横窦血栓形成:一种罕见的并发症的慢性中耳炎

08/22/2017

& lt; h2> Abstract< / h2>

Since the advent of antibiotics, lateral sinus thrombosis is an infrequent complication of otitis media. Lateral sinus thrombosis may occur by thrombophlebitis or penetration by offending pathogens through the dura of middle and posterior cranial fossae. We present a case of right-sided sigmoid and transverse venous sinus thrombosis as a rare complication of chronic suppurative otitis media in an adult. We discuss the patient’s imaging, management and relevant literature to offer clinical recommendations.

A 39-year-old woman presented with headache, neck pain, vomiting, fever and photophobia with a tender right mastoid on examination. Computerised Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Venogram of the head revealed complete opacification of the right mastoid air cells and middle ear, with absent flow void in the right transverse and sigmoid sinus, consistent with thrombosis. After discussion with neurosurgery, she was commenced on anticoagulants. The patient was readmitted with right otalgia and otorrhea refractory to medical treatment, and ultimately underwent right mastoid exploration.

Conclusion: Lateral sinus thrombosis may occur with other intracranial or extracranial complications of otitis media. Clinicians should approach any complication of otitis media with vigilance as antibiotics may mask some signs and symptoms of mastoiditis, which can progress to otogenic brain abscess.

调查发生在口腔毛息肉和Choristoma:一个案例研究

08/17/2017

& lt; h2> ABSTRACT< / h2>

Hairy polyp and choristoma are rare benign developmental malformations. Hairy polyp mainly occurs in the nasopharynx whereas choristoma occurs in the dorsum of the tongue. Aetiology and pathogenesis of both hairy polyp and choristoma still remain unknown. Diagnosis is made by histological examination and complete excision is the treatment of choice. We report a case of hairy polyp and choristoma on the palate and the dorsum of the tongue respectively in a seventeen days old baby.

雅司病的必需品:卫生专业人员应该知道雅司病

07/27/2017

& lt; h2> Editorial< / h2>& lt; p>雅司病是被世界卫生组织(世卫组织)为1的20个被忽视的热带疾病(被忽略),生前的一组传染性疾病在热带和亚热带环境中,影响人们生活在贫困和边缘化社会[1]。雅司病也形成的一组慢性细菌感染的一部分,俗称trepanomatoses流行。这些疾病是由于螺旋菌属的梅毒,也包括非性病性梅毒和pinta雅司病最常见的[2]。如梅毒、雅司病已被描述的三个阶段;初级阶段的特征是皮肤肉芽肿病变,第二阶段由广义扩散,和第三阶段慢性破坏性疾病的皮肤、软骨和骨骼[3]。;/ p>

复发性腮腺粘液表皮样癌的面部抽搐,报告一个不寻常的情况

06/16/2017

& lt; h2> ABSTRACT< / h2>

We report an interesting case of a 21 year old male who presented with recurrent mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid with facial nerve involvement as facial tics. Intraoperatively, the tumour was noted to be firm, irregular and adherent to the underlying structures. The patient underwent extended total parotidectomy, division of buccal branch of facial nerve, selective neck dissection with cervical local rotational flap repair and post-operative radiotherapy. This presentation of Mucoepidermoid carcinoma with involvement of facial nerve as facial tics is one of the rare unique reported cases.

成人面部坏死性筋膜炎。系统回顾

04/26/2017

& lt; h2> ABSTRACT< / h2>& lt; p> & lt; strong>简介:& lt; / strong>坏死性筋膜炎(NF)是一个快速发展,严重的化脓性感染的浅筋膜和sorrounding可能导致坏死的组织,如果不及时治疗脓毒性休克和死亡。面部NF罕见和症状可能非特异性的,依赖于来源网站和疾病的阶段,使其难以诊断。;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>材料与方法:& lt; / strong>系统回顾了棱镜后指导。PubMed数据库搜寻病例报告发表在2007年1月和2017年3月之间。全文文章获得和驴的相关性。执行数据提取是一个迭代的过程。;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>结果:& lt; / strong> A total of 24 articles, describing 29 adult patients with facial NF were included. Facial NF was more common in males. Skin trauma was the most frequent mechanism of lesion and diabetes mellitus was the most common associated systemic disorder. Periorbital area was the most affected area. In order of appereance, swelling and pain were the most common initial clinical manifestations. Group A Streptococcus was the most frequent microorganism isolated. Advanced airway management was needed in more than 50% of the cases and surgical management was done in 90% of the cases.

Conclusions: Practitioners should be aware of its existance, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors and initial clinical manifestations to develop a high index of suspicion, to order studies that may discard or confirm the diagnosis, and to offer prompt treatment to preserve patient’s life and reduce the disfigurement and disability that it may cause.

面瘫在水痘带状疱疹InfectA±在一个孩子

03/23/2017

& lt; h2> ABSTRACT< / h2>& lt; p> & lt; strong>简介:& lt; / strong>主要感染水痘一带状疱疹病毒(带状疱疹)导致水痘,特点是弥漫性皮疹和播种的病毒血症多个感觉神经节,在病毒建立终生的延迟。带状疱疹是由潜伏期带状疱疹引起的颅神经或背根神经节,与病毒的传播沿感觉神经皮片。实体在免疫活性的良性临床过程和年轻的人。尽管带状疱疹vir& uuml年代可能导致拉姆齐亨特sendrom,可能很少引起周边面瘫的水痘。;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>案例报告:& lt; / strong>病人被一位4岁的小女孩的耳朵,鼻子,喉咙诊所的投诉在身体与囊泡和脓疱疹几天。她离开了外围面部麻痹大约2天前。一般临床检查,黄斑病变,可能残留囊泡,观察和充满液体的水泡和脓疱,胸部,腹部,上、下肢。 She had remarkable left peripheral facial palsy. Her facial palsy was assessed as a grade II using the House-Brackmann Score. Otoscopic examination was normal and otalgia and auricular vesicle was absent. 1 mg/kg/day prednisone and 30 mg/kg/day acyclovir therapy were given to the patient due to the peripheral facial nerve palsy involvement of the VZV infection. Complete remission was achieved at 1 month after treatment.

Conclusion: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is one of eight herpes viruses known to cause human infection and is distributed worldwide. While the results of bell palsy are good, facial paralysis results during viral infections are severe. Cranial nerve involvement secondary to viral infection should be followed closely. The current standard of care for treatment is acyclovir and prednisone. Thus early treatment can be started in the face of developing complications and possible mortality and morbidity can be prevented.

林肯一个€™S公路——一个被遗忘的脓肿

03/23/2017

& lt; h2> ABSTRACT< / h2>& lt; p> & lt; strong>简介:& lt; / strong>颈动脉内空间是深颈部颈动脉鞘。.Mosher称为颈动脉鞘的林肯公路的脖子。脓肿在这个空间是很少被年轻的耳朵、鼻子和喉咙(ENT)外科医生在这个时代的早期诊断和良好的抗生素。我们报告一个孤立的情况下颈动脉空间脓肿在一名20岁的男性年轻外科医生熟悉这脓肿。你们;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>案例报告:& lt; / strong>一个20岁的年轻男孩来到我们门诊部(门诊部当)投诉发烧,痛苦的脖子肿胀,进行性吞咽困难的最后7天。对比增强计算机断层扫描摄影完成显示脓肿位于毗邻颈动脉颈动脉鞘。切口和排水是颈动脉鞘被打开和脓排水.Patient出院几天后口服抗生素。;/ p>& lt; p> & lt; strong>结论:& lt; / strong> Carotid space abscesses are rarely seen in developed countries. Tender and fluctuating swelling over the carotid artery area points towards it. CECT is the investigation of choice. Needle aspiration should be avoided especially by less trained persons. Small abscesses may respond to intravenous antibiotics but when frank and large abscess is formed, incision and drainage is the treatment of choice.

细胞学和DNA分析成釉细胞瘤的病例报告

01/23/2017

& lt; h2> ABSTRACT< / h2>

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumour that may have aggressive biological behavior with local recurrence and metastasis after the surgical resection. We report a case of cytology of recurrent ameloblastoma. The first tumour was diagnosed in the left mandible in 57-yers-old woman thirteen years ago. The patient was operated on, the tumour was enucleated, pathohistological diagnosis of ameloblastoma was put and DNA analysis by flow cytometry of the tumour was performed. DNA analysis showed that the tumour was diploid but proliferative. Two years after the operation, a new tumour appeared on the scar. Fine needle aspiration cytology with ultrasound guidance of the tumour was performed; cytological diagnosis of recurrent ameloblastoma was put and confirmed by pathohistology. Until now the patient is well without any new recurrent ameloblastoma.

糖尿病对CKD患者的营养状况的影响

01/09/2017

& lt; h2> ABSTRACT< / h2>

Background: Prevalence of malnutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients is due to their lower appetite level. Diabetic patients experience polyphagia. Hence it is necessary to understand the impact of diabetes on the nutritional status of CKD patient.

Aim: To compare the nutritious status between the CKD patients with and without diabetes.

Objectives: To find out the impact of diabetes on the nutritional status of CKD patients.

Method and Materials: A prospective random sampling method was adopted to select the subjects. Eighty CKD patients were divided equally into two groups. Tool which has been used to collect the data was SOAP format.

Results: While comparing BMI between group 1(CKD without diabetes) and group 2(CKD with diabetes) it was noticed that the percentage of normal nourished subjects in group 2 were greater than that of group1. About 63% and 25% of subjects with CKD in group1 had normal BMI and grade 1 undernourished respectively. In group 2, about 75% and 10% of patients had normal BMI and grade 1 over nourished respectively. About 80% of subjects in group 2 were on insulin treatment. About 88% of subjects in group1 were anorexic and about 55% and 25% of subjects in group 2 had polyphagia and normal appetite respectively. The difference in the energy and protein intake between the two groups was statistically significant at p<0.01 level.

Conclusions: It can be concluded from the above study that a better nutritional status was found in the CKD patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) than the CKD patients without DM which may be due to their normal appetite/ polyphagia, hence allowing a better food intake among group2 subjects. Weight gain in CKD with DM patients may be due to increase in fat mass which is subsequent to lipogenic effect of insulin.